Collected from the wonderful documentation at https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html.
To see which VMs are available, type:
$ VBoxManage list vms
"dev-site" {2e39d6cc-c307-44f6-b73e-a6f95e0f17b0}
To only see running VMs, type:
$ VBoxManage list runningvms
And to start it:
$ VBoxManage startvm "dev-site" --type headless
Waiting for VM "dev-site" to power on...
VM "dev-site" has been successfully started.